BIOLOGIYA MORYA, 2025, Vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 351-364

Survival Strategy of the Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Grunow ex Cleve) Hasle 1993 under Long-term Dark Conditions

© 2025 I. M. Yakovleva, T. Yu. Orlova

Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia

The physiological response of the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens to dark exposure for 45 and 90 days and subsequent acclimation under re-illumination was studied. We have shown that the alga remains metabolically active between 0 and 45 days of dark exposure. This stage is characterized by the stabilization of cell culture density, activation of respiratory metabolism and synthetic processes, and a low rate of intracellular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) consumption. Between 45 and 90 days of dark exposure, P. pungens cells enter a rest state accompanied by the cessation of cell division, suppression of synthetic processes, preservation of the light-harvesting complex, and almost complete suppression of photosynthesis. The viability of cells is provided by maintaining high respiratory activity and elevated level of intracellular C reserves. We have also shown that the step-by-step reorganization of the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus in P. pungens under long-term dark conditions contributes to the maintenance of cell’s photosynthetic competence and the subsequent recovery of the density of P. pungens population when re-exposed to light. The duration of the algae population recovery period, as well as the regeneration of the structure of their light-harvesting complex, is determined by the duration of exposure to darkness.

Key words: marine diatoms, dark adaptation, photosynthesis, respiration, C : N molar ratio.